{"id":25429,"date":"2020-04-23T23:00:42","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T22:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pam.ma\/?p=25429"},"modified":"2020-04-23T21:24:09","modified_gmt":"2020-04-23T20:24:09","slug":"pour-que-la-planete-respire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pam.ma\/zgh\/pour-que-la-planete-respire\/","title":{"rendered":"Pour que la plan\u00e8te respire.."},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Dr. Hajar Bennar*<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que le coronavirus s\u00e9vit, se propage de continent en continent, \u00e9touffe l\u2019Humain, la plan\u00e8te respire. Elle n\u2019a jamais autant respir\u00e9 depuis l\u2019av\u00e8nement de l\u2019\u00e8re industrielle et la multiplication des \u00e9changes commerciaux \u00e0 l\u2019aube de la mondialisation. Elle n\u2019a jamais autant respir\u00e9 depuis les 310 millions de tonnes de d\u00e9chets plastiques chaque ann\u00e9e, les 5 tonnes d\u2019\u00e9missions de CO2 par an, la d\u00e9gradation massive de sa faune et de sa flore avec une extermination colossale des esp\u00e8ces animales et insectes, mais aussi depuis les r\u00e9cents incendies d\u00e9vastateurs en Amazonie ou en Australie qui ont alt\u00e9r\u00e9 les poumons de la TERRE.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019humanit\u00e9 est abasourdie devant les images montrant la diminution de la pollution de l\u2019air et de l\u2019eau : une diminution significative des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre en Chine, en Italie du Nord et \u00e0 New York ; une eau claire et transparente dans les canaux de Venise engendrant un retour des poissons, voire m\u00eame d\u2019un dauphin observ\u00e9 en Sardaigne ; et une r\u00e9apparition de nos majestueux fennecs dans les plaines de Merzouga. Mais est-il n\u00e9cessaire que la nature reprenne de force ses droits pour que l\u2019humain en respecte les liens les plus fondamentaux ?<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019heure est au jugement, il serait grand temps de se repentir quant \u00e0 notre surconsommation, le d\u00e9ni de nos actes de pollution, de transfert de pollution pour certains, ou encore de passivit\u00e9 pour d\u2019autres. Il est temps, et \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que nous avons tout le temps aujourd\u2019hui de le faire, de r\u00e9aliser cette \u00ab introspection \u00e9cologique \u00bb, cette analyse de nos comportements en tant qu\u2019individus mais \u00e9galement en tant que pays.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si nous nous r\u00e9jouissons des effets positifs que la pand\u00e9mie a sur la nature, ils sont malheureusement de courte dur\u00e9e et s\u2019\u00e9vaporeront avec la reprise d\u2019activit\u00e9 des usines, la multiplication des lignes de transport et l\u2019accroissement des \u00e9changes mondiaux. Les scientifiques affirment qu\u2019afin qu\u2019une telle cessation d\u2019activit\u00e9 puisse faire r\u00e9ellement respirer la plan\u00e8te, il faudrait qu\u2019elle dure au moins une cinquantaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">En parall\u00e8le, une autre pand\u00e9mie nous asphyxie. La pollution engendr\u00e9e par les \u00eatres humains provoque 8,8 millions de d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s chaque ann\u00e9e et r\u00e9duit l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie de trois ans en moyenne selon une \u00e9tude allemande publi\u00e9e dans la revue de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne de Cardiologie. La pollution tue plus que le tabac, le sida ou les guerres, dix neuf fois plus que le paludisme et trois plus que l\u2019alcool.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tout comme le coronavirus, ou presque, les trois quarts des personnes qui meurent de la pollution de l\u2019air ont plus de 60 ans. Encore pire que le coronavirus, la pollution ouvrira des portes jusqu\u2019alors ferm\u00e9es \u00e0 double tour dans la mesure o\u00f9 le r\u00e9chauffement climatique fait appara\u00eetre des virus dont nous ne connaissons pas les g\u00e9nomes, atypiques, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 longtemps gel\u00e9s dans le permafrost et fig\u00e9s par la pr\u00e9sence de ces glaciers. Et ce n\u2019est que le sommet de l\u2019iceberg cachant un monde futur boulevers\u00e9 par les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, les catastrophes naturelles et la rar\u00e9faction des ressources si aucune r\u00e9elle mesure collective n\u2019est prise.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tous les acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 devraient \u0153uvrer \u00e0 la baisse de la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique, terrestre et marine. L\u2019ensemble des pays de la plan\u00e8te est appel\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019action. Il y a urgence climatique !<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">La courte pause des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre observ\u00e9e actuellement ne durera que l\u2019espace de quelques semaines avec un effet rebond tel que celui ayant eu lieu en 2008 lors des Jeux Olympiques de P\u00e9kin avec le d\u00e9placement des activit\u00e9s industrielles en dehors de la ville, ou encore lors de l\u2019irruption du volcan islandais ou de la crise des subprimes. Il n\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs pas n\u00e9cessaire de \u00ab confiner \u00bb l\u2019\u00e9conomie pour pr\u00e9server l\u2019\u00e9cologie, il n\u2019est pas tout \u00e0 fait n\u00e9cessaire de clamer la d\u00e9croissance. L\u2019\u00e9conomie peut continuer son bout de chemin mais en emportant avec elle le respect de l\u2019environnement, c\u2019est ce que l\u2019on appelle un \u00ab d\u00e9veloppement durable \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rien qu\u2019en rempla\u00e7ant les combustibles fossiles par des \u00e9nergies propres, nous pourrons gagner un peu plus d\u2019un an d\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie et nous \u00e9pargnerons 5,5 millions de vies par an. Assurons une transition \u00e9cologique via une transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique d\u2019abord, en prenant en compte les autres branches tout aussi primordiales que compl\u00e9mentaires telles que la gestion des d\u00e9chets, la pr\u00e9servation des espaces forestiers, de la biodiversit\u00e9, etc. Formulons des strat\u00e9gies et politiques publiques aux priorit\u00e9s \u00e9cologiques. Concertons-nous entre Etats pour mener \u00e0 bien l\u2019avenir de la plan\u00e8te et cessons de brandir la responsabilit\u00e9 historique comme ultime veto \u00e0 toutes les COP et sommets pour le climat ; concertons-nous dans l\u2019\u00e9laboration d\u2019instruments de finance climatique \u00e0 moyen et long terme, de gouvernance relative au commerce du carbone et aux pertes et aux dommages dus au changement climatique.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mettons un point d\u2019honneur \u00e0 collaborer dans une lutte commune et sans r\u00e9pit pour la r\u00e9silience et contre le changement climatique ; honorons l\u2019Humain avant toute chose car l\u2019heure est \u00e0 la TERRE !<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #3232ff;\">*Docteur en \u00c9conomie et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 &amp; chercheure associ\u00e9e au laboratoire interdisciplinaire d\u2019innovation en sciences soci\u00e9tales (LiRIS) de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Rennes 2.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Hajar Bennar* Au fur et \u00e0 mesure que le coronavirus s\u00e9vit, se propage de continent en continent, \u00e9touffe l\u2019Humain, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[100],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-100"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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